The Great Migration, Cause and Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Great Migration, Cause and Effect - Essay ExampleThe first great wave of migration began during the period of World War I. The manufacture of war supplies had demanded increase production while the draft, and disruption of immigration, left the factories short of much needed labor. As the pool of labor dwindled, companies began to look elsewhere for workers to fill the positions. The southern Afro-American population made up a substantial resource for unskilled workers and northern companies made extraordinary efforts to recruit them. Companies sent agents to the South and offered the African-Americans high gainful jobs, transportation north, and housing arrangements upon arrival at their new location (Crew). The economic and social climate in the South during this period made the offers too substantially to resist and set off the first great wave of migration.The opportunity for greater wealth was a powerful motivation for the migration during the war. Blacks were leaving beh ind the outlandish life they knew to seek a new destiny. Many were leaving behind their families, wives, and children with the hope of creating a better future, and the opportunity for more money did not scotch them. While more or less laborers in the South were earning little more than $2,00 per week, a letter published in 1919 explains to his friends back home, Never pay less than $3.00 per twenty-four hours ... Remember this is the very lowest wages. Piece work men can make from $6 to $8 per day (Dont Have to Mister). Spurred by these tales of high pay, concourse left behind their social ties and the only way of life they knew with the promise of one day sending for those they left behind. If money had been the only factor, their decision to allow for might have been more difficult, but there were other considerations in the South.The social and political climate in the South made the African-Americans even more eager to leave their rural way of life. The constitutional a mendments passed after the Civil War that were to protect the rights of blacks were largely ignored in the South. Local laws, hostile prejudice, and Jim shoot a line laws left them vulnerable to violence, imprisonment, and death. The economics of sharecropping had also taken its toll on the farm workers. Bad crops, low prices, and unpredictable weather had left most of them in debt to the white landowners (Crew). By 1910, emancipation had a hollow meaning and the living condition of the former slaves were no better than they had been 50 years earlier. Migrating north offered them an get off from the ever-present oppression and the economic means to finally carve out their own identity.It is estimated that by 1919, the number of Blacks that had migrated north numbered near 1 million. Most colonised in the industrial cities such as Chicago, Detroit, Washington DC, and Pittsburgh. Many of the new arrivals found the promise of better pay and human dignity a truthfulness and were ple asantly surprised to find that the letters they read from people who had migrated before them had been accurate about the opportunities for work. They also enjoyed a new sense of identity, in a new place with attitudes more sensitive to their condition. In a letter dated 1917, a worker in Philadelphia expresses the simple joy of even the most modest

A research paper on the burial and ceremonial traditions of egypt

A on the burying and ceremonial traditions of egypt compared to the romans and how it influenced america today - Research reputation ExampleStudy of their tones and practices show that there existed a communication or interaction between the cultures of these two different continents, but any solid proof is still lacking. Later on, as believed, it is the influence of Christianity and that of Pilgrim Fathers led to the development of significant differences in the beliefs and practices of American cultures. In the case of Egypt, there was significant influence from roman and Greek cultures. Thus, as time passed, there arose considerable differences among the cultures. A look into historical evidence proves that the practices related to the utterly vary among various civilizations. However, it seems that all the civilizations plowshare certain degree of similarity too. To illustrate, the Romans, Egyptians, and the ancient American civilizations like Mayan and Inca held the belie f that the dead deserve some sort of rituals and planning. In addition, history proves that in societies the practices and beliefs bear up under changes as time passes, and as civilizations decline. This work intends to look into the burial practices that existed among the ancient Egyptians and Romans, and it analyses if they had any influence on the American cultures. ... Consequently, their treatment of the dead varied accordingly. old-fashioned Egyptians buried their wealthy in expensive tombs which were filled with arti occurrences and wall paintings depicting families during their everyday lives. However, one can see that as time progresses, the positive observation tower of the Egyptians about the afterlife changes significantly the afterlife began to be considered as a place of fear filled with evil spirits. As a result, they began to bury their dead with The Book of Dead that contained spells that help the dead navigate in the afterlife. According to Davies (29), it is wr ong to use the term resurrection when one talks about the Egyptian belief because the Egyptians believed in the four stages of life starting from birth, life, death, and rebirth where death is an opportunity for fulfillment, not a matter of negation. Consequently, for them, death rituals were meant to ensure easy transcending of the dead to afterlife. In fact, the beliefs of the Egyptians regarding death and after life were based on the cult of Isis that had its birth around fourth millennium BCE. According to the belief, death is followed by a desire journey through a number of tests and trials. The ones who pass the tests are sure to enjoy eternal life. In fact, the Egyptians were optimists about afterlife. Now, a look into the Roman burial customs proves that though they shared certain similarities in burial practices, their basic ideology was entirely different from that of Egyptians in the beginning. The first point of difference is the fact that while Egyptians believed in an exquisite afterlife, there was no such doctrine among Romans that taught there is an afterlife for which the present body is to be preserved. So, for them, the dead

Sustainable Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Sustainable Development - Essay ExampleEvery person wants to raise his standard of living above the minimum level of provisions but the resources provided by nature are limited. Limited resources may include the finite ones like land, drinking water and petroleum. Along with these there are nonphysical resources like the deterioration in quality of water, productivity of land and so on. Hence by these two arguments, one can easily judge or evaluate sustainable development in terms of political, technical and social and even environmental development.This difference between available resources and level of needs to be met has driven human beings to engage themselves in erratic inter meet with the nature. This erratic interaction almost in all the cases has led to the deterioration of the future coevalss quality of life. When the natives of Easter Island engaged themselves in severe destruction of the Palm forest, they seldom managed to measure the future atrocities that they had to undergo following their own action

Legal-business auto accidents Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Legal-business auto accidents - Term Paper ExampleHonda Motor Company, where the appeal ruled that the regulation foreclosed the filing of injury suits on a lower floor the state law by the people contending that manufacturers had made the wrong choice (Liptak). II. Facts of the Case Petitioner, Alexis Geier, was driving a 1987 Honda Accord, which collided in a tree and caused the petitioner serious physical injuries, despite the fact that the shoulder and lap belts were fastened at the time the accident happened. The gondola was not also equipped with airbags. Petitioner, together with her parents, sued American Honda Motor Company, Inc. before the District of Columbia tort law, on the acres that Honda negligently was remiss in its obligation as a car manufacturer for failure to set an airbag at the drivers side. The hail dismissed the case on the ground that it was the discretion of Honda to whether or not install an airbag in its car models. Hence, this ruling concluded that it was not mandatory for the automakers to install a passenger-side airbag, and shall not be reasonable for a personal injury case based on such ground. The Court of Appeals reaffirmed the decision of the District Court which resulted to a dismissal of the case. Thus, an appeal to the peremptory Court was filed by the petitioners. ... s in conflict with the existing provisions of FMVS 208 Act, particularly on the express pre-emption provision Ruling The Supreme Court ruled that With regard to the first issue, the court held that the ordinary principles of pre-emption shall not apply in the case of the petitioners. The provision contained in the Act states that the federal pencil eraser standard does not relieve a person from any liability on the basis of the common law. Hence, the petitioners are not precluded from setting up a claim against American Honda. The language of the provision clause enacted by Congress does not prohibit case in point actions. The spirit of the law must be followed and not its literal meaning of the law. In case of doubt, the intention of the law must prevail over the strict context of the law. Thus, express pre-emption provision that excludes common-law tort actions gives actual meaning to the redeeming(a) clauses literal language, while leaving adequate room for state tort law to go (Cornell). For the second issue, the Court held that ordinary pre-emption principles apply in the case of the petitioners. In its decision, the Court anchored its conclusion on the basis of the express pre-emption and saving provisions when taken together, shall create a special burden, which a court must impose on a party who claims conflict pre-emption under those principles. A special burden would also promise practical difficulty by further complicating well-established pre-emption principles that already are difficult to apply (Cornell). In one of the dissent of the justices, one justice commented that if the special burden would be made appli cable in such a case, where the state law penalizes the need of the federal law which is an absolute

EDU 636 DB 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

EDU 636 DB 3 - Essay ExampleThe biggest advantage of e-learning is that the person who is receiving the instruction can schedule the classes consort to the disciples schedule. An e-learning classroom is self-paced, and the student does not need to turn in assignments according to a schedule, (N. A., N. D.). There are also many disadvantages to an e-learning environment. unity of the biggest disadvantages is that students who are not motivated will not complete the course on time, and students often a feel isolated because there is not traditional and unique learning experience, (N. A., N. D.). Students who begin to feel isolated at the lack of intercommunication with the learning environment may become lonely, and begin to fall behind because the student became unmotivated to complete assignments on time. Computer-based training is a way for students to earn a college degree while online. Just like e-learning computer-based training has many advantages, and disadvantages. some(a) of the advantages, and disadvantages of a computer-based training program can be similar to the advantages and disadvantages of e-learning. The biggest advantage of computer-based training is the lower costs involved for students when students enroll in a computer-based training course. Also, assignments and classes can be scheduled around the students person schedule. However, assignments usually have a deadline.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 59

Assignment ExampleIn addition, professionalism may face numerous issues during the unveiling because of the dressing code. Having attire that makes an individual confident during a presentation is an added advantage as it raises the self-esteem to overcome all stances of incivility. Presentations may pose problems to an individual when he or she lacks the etiquette required. Business etiquette involves numerous issues that may hinder an individuals presentation especially in instances where the presenter parties with his or her work mates and flirt irresponsibly. Such a trait may augment undesirable behavior from the work mates thereby making the presentation a hard liaison to achieve in such situations.A presenter may face stances of incivility in instances where the presentation is targeted to an unfamiliar audience. Unfamiliar audience may not know the characteristics of the presenter thereby acting in a disrespectful manner. When a face-to-face presentation target a multitude of audience, the presenter may be disrupted in substantial levels thereby hindering his or her presentation.In the grouping, I would group Joe and Ellen as teammates. Both of them are hard workers, and that would enable them to complete on the assignment administered. Since Joe is punctual, he will be able to utilize and work on the assignment given with Ellen who may stay modern working. These individuals should not work alone as they have varied traits that require each others participation. I would assign this group with the responsibilities of drafting the terminal document after other tasks have been accomplished. During his task, Joe can write the document after Ellen tests and verifies the document. Such document will enable both members to have a thoroughly scrutinized document that has undergone testing and verification.In the next group, I would group Marsha and Suzanne

Organisational Behaviour Essay Example for Free

Organisational Behaviour Essay challenge One. From the case study, we do-nothing learn a lot. It ranges from leadership, management, cypher ethics, doings geological formation and changing to the impact of appointed and negative financial supports in organisations. Managing of creative workers, recognition of opportunities and problems, unethical strategies and tactics, team building and networking among others ar aspects that can be larn from the case study (Robinsen 2000). We can excessively learn from the study that Godot applied an autocratic or authoritative style of leadership.He could not listen to whatsoever of his workers, he could not open any avenue of communication and consultation with his workers and could not involve the workers in decision make. All he could do was to embroil insults at them instead of actively involving them in the day to day running of the restaurant. It is important to treat workers in a ethical means if any positive(p) results are to be realised (Simons 2003). The first genesis to doing so is to implement ways and methods that would boost the morale of workers.Good leadership and management skills are all-important(a) to any organisation. Good work ethics and behaviour should be instilled to the workers so that they can deliver good results with very minimal supervision (Haddock 2001). Abuses and insults are not supposed to be used at the work place as they yet tend to scare away sensitive customers and other business people. leadership and managers should learn new ways and methods of improving workers efficiency and results. Organisations that deploy such ways and methods, have proved to stand ahead of others (Wharton 1996).Question Two. There are several negative and positive reinforcements, punishment and extinctions that were used by Godot and the customers in moldable of the employees behaviour. Positive reinforcements included the dedication and industriousness of Godot. This is positive in tha t it helps the workers as they are able to emulate what Godot stands for. Through dedication and hard work, the restaurant was able to stand the test of sentence. This was an inspiration to the workers. Another positive reinforcement was that of the customers.The customers would revalue the work do by Diane and praise her efficient services. This would give her morale to work even harder and efficiently knowing that her services were good. There are in like manner negative reinforcements. They can be seen mainly from Godots attitude and way of doing certain(prenominal) things. He was a man prone to emotional outbursts. He could predict and shout at his workers whenever something went wrong or whenever he could not see what he expected of them. This is negative in that it instilled a sense of fear to the workers and perpetually made them nervous (Bringsrud 2004).This makes someone not to perform to the expected standards, His lack of compliment to his workers is in any case a negative reinforcement (Myers 1997). He did not treasure anything good but was so quick at condemning and demonising anything he felt was not right. A good employer needs to give credit where it belongs. This is a way of encouraging and giving morale to the workers (Simons 2003). Godot could not see anything good in it. All he could do was merely grunt at Diane even when she said hello or goodbye. such attributes do not befit a good employer.Punishment was in the form of fining his workers whenever something went wrong. When Diane dropped a plate of bouillabaisse appetiser, she was scorned at and fined a total of $24. 95. This punishment demoralised her to the extend of affecting her performance. Her earnings from tips dropped from a one time top of 23 percent to a meager 15 percent. This was as a result of reducing the pace at which she worked in order to pr incident any other incidences from happening. From this, one can easily tell that the punishment imposed on her was too l ots and she could not risk losing the amount any to a greater extent.Such a negative reinforcement does not add any value to the business but instead it demoralizes the workers thus reducing the pace of working (Wharton 19968). As a result, the customers end up waiting for long and some might give up and leave. This turns out to affect the restaurant adversely. Godot as an employer has various ways of improving or shaping the behaviour of his employees. One of the ways is by introducing packages that are employee friendly and putting in place certain measures that would improve the performance of his employees instead of using remorseless methods such as imposing of huge fines and punishment to the workers.Such methods could include appreciating what the workers do and also ones in a while complimenting the efforts made. Diane would have been appreciated in various ways and by so doing, her morale would have been boosted thus making her work extra hard and as a result lovable mor e customers. Employers need to realise that social responsibility and leadership in organisations and businesses for that matter are very vital aspects (Haddock 2001475). Workers depend on employers and employers depend on workers too. This is a mutual relationship which should be upheld in all cases.This should be realised by both the parties in order for the business to perform to the expectations. Question Three. The reinforcements and punishment mentioned in question two have both positive and negative impact on Diane behaviour. Inasmuch as the punishment imposed on Diane would depend to be on the extreme, it could be viewed as positive in some ways. Being careful at the assembly line place is extremely important. When Diane dropped the plate of appetiser, she was fined heavily by Godot. This made her promise to be more careful than ever before so that she could not get herself in the same mistake again.This instills a sense of discipline and responsibility to the workers (Mc Tagart 2003). The strict nature of Godot, his dedication and industriousness was a lesson for Diane. Her behaviour would be influenced by such reinforcements. She would learn to be sanctified and more independent in future. Her pace of doing things would also improve as she was used to doing tasks at a very fast rate. This obviously is a positive change to her behaviour. On the other hand, Godots lack of compliment and appreciation would affect her behaviour too.This will make her feel left out, unwanted and also feel like her services are not worth. If Godot had behaved differently in this case, Diane would have learned from the same and applied it elsewhere. In any organisation, behavioural shaping and change is very important. Every employee should feel like part of the team in order for there to be teamwork and tangible results (Moir 1999). The lack of appreciation and compliment changed Dianes way and pace of doing the job. It made her slow down thus affecting the job she was doing.The emphasis of Godot on the importance of working as a team is seen as a positive gesture of behavioural shaping. If an employee was hired and he/she did not appreciate the importance of working as a team, he/she would learn from Godots vision and his way of doing things, thus shaping ones behaviour (Stuart 2003). Question Four. The effectiveness of hourly comport rates and tips as a way of reinforcing desired behaviours could go either way, that is, it could either be positive or negative depending on the outcome and the intention of the method.Hourly pay rates in most cases is the method that most employees prefer (Hufman 200249). This is because one gets paid depending on their efforts. If one inputs more effort in the job he/she is paid more than that who inputs less. The principle ideally is more effort more pay, less effort less pay. This is not fair an advantage to the employees only but also to the employers (Godwin 2001). If an employee does more, the employer also gets more in returns. Hourly pay has proved to be the best way of dealing with both the employers and the employees.One could work for a certain period of time and get doing something else including attending lectures and lessons. This method does not tie someone to one thing. One becomes flexible enough to the extend of even doing more than one job. Tips are also a good way of reinforcing desired results and behaviours (Borer et al 2000). Tips make a worker work extremely fast and with dedication. How much one takes home at the end of the day, week or month depends on the persons zeal of work. Just like hourly pay, tips make both the employee and the employer.For instance, if an employee makes 20 percent of the total amount of money, it definitely goes without saying that the employer must have bagged the 80 percent. It is therefore important that the mode and way of honorarium as per the contract is obeyed by the two parties involved. Reinforcing of behaviour could be done in di fferent ways, hourly pay rates and tips being one of the ways. Such a method makes the employee work under certain rules and conditions as deemed fit by the employer. Work for three hours, do not break anything, get your pay and tips and leave.This is normally the motto of such methods. Some employees are too careless and wasted to the extend that they do not care about what happens in the event that loses are incurred. The only way to check them and put them on toes in by introducing the hourly pay rates and tips. This is meant to give the employer the opportunity of maximising his/her time at the job place. In the extract, Godot decides to introduce such a method in order to cushion himself against the lazy workers who might think that they can just get to the hotel, work anyhow and get away with it.This is not Godots way of working. He believes in workers earning what they worked for. If you work hard you get more. If you just lazy around, you are bound to get very little. Diane had to work hard so that she could save something substantial for her use ones she went back to school. To her, a table waiting job was what she could do instead of just staying at home during summer. She thought that she could make some money and improve on her University life, actually change her diet. Her hard work would fetch her upto 23 percent on tips and $15. 0 per hour. She had set targets that she wanted to meet. Her ability to work fast and efficiently earned her the percentage she had targeted on tips. This positivist her hourly pay was enough to take care of her University needs after summer. This method of tips encouraged her to work hard. Had it been a flat rate pay on tips, Diane would not have worked as hard as she did. This meant that Godot also made a lot of money in the process. Furthermore, Godot spelt out clearly what he wanted for his restaurant.He had a vision for his restaurant and insisted on the importance of working as a team in order to deliver good ser vices to his customers. It is on the basis of this too that Diane decided that she would put in her best to prove how good she could be.Conclusion. From the case study, it is very clear that something has to be done in most organisations regarding work ethics and behaviour. Employers subject their workers to unfavourable working conditions and all they care about is there well being and not that of the workers (Huberman 1994).Workers in such organisations end up persevering such conditions with the aim of just making ends meet in their lives. This could be clearly seen from Dianes case. She had to persevere for the purposes of making money but did not enjoy working under such conditions. Workers should enjoy doing their work and this can only be made conducive by the input of the employers (Benstin 1995). Organisational behaviour is a topic of discussion that leaves many employers and employees looking for ways and methods of dealing with the issue.