Declining Trade And Investment Barriers Economics Essay

Declining Trade And Investment Barriers Economics Essay The earth where worldwide business works has gotten subject to the powers of globalization and expanding world reconciliation. One may even say that globalization is the popular expression of financial aspects today. There are many changing meanings of globalization, some including social and political angles yet with the end goal of this manual, it is ideal to concentrate on its monetary parts. Globalization, it is contended, is a move towards a progressively coordinated and reliant world economy. Besides, at a straightforward level, one may recognize two expansive parts of globalization. 1.2.1 Globalization of Markets It could have been contended that before, one could recognize a wide range of national markets. In any case, globalization of business sectors has caused moves towards a solitary homogeneous worldwide market whereby purchaser inclinations are uniting towards a worldwide standard. One of the solid defenders of such a contention was Levitt (1983) who contended that organizations expected to see the world as a solitary homogeneous, worldwide market for items and administrations. A worldwide firm ought to in this manner see the world as a solitary unit and must endeavor to deliver and advertise normalized item around the world. By and by, the firm is likewise expected to alter its item contributions for neighborhood separation. The advantages from worldwide normalization have tremendous potential since firms can accomplish economies of scale in many worth chain exercises including creation, dissemination and managementâ [1]â . In any case, while there are in fact numerous normal market needs, requests and acknowledgment of certain worldwide items, there are additionally numerous profound divisions, social and other national contrasts among nations and markets. At the least difficult level, these distinctions identify with contrasts in item use. For instance, in certain nations like for example in Continental Europe, individuals drive on the correct hand side while in South Africa or Mauritius for instance, individuals drive on the left hand side. Thus, vehicle particulars to that end will be differentâ [2]â . 1.2.2 Globalization of Production This alludes to the wellsprings of merchandise and enterprises from areas around the globe to exploit national contrasts in the expense and nature of variables of creation. Globalization of creation is described by expanded scattering of significant worth chain exercises to various world areas. Rather than all business exercises being separately focused, firms may decide to scatter a portion of their business exercises to different areas. For instance, creation might be attempted in certain creating nations where work is modest; innovative work in another area where elevated level specific aptitudes are in plenitude; and get together might be performed at one more area for simplicity of transport to world markets. All things considered, firms may misuse national contrasts in factor conditions, for example, land, work, capital and aptitudes, just as request conditions, framework and government guidelines. 1.3 DRIVERS OF Globalization Slope (2005) recognizes the accompanying components that underlie the pattern towards more prominent globalization: 1. Declining Trade and Investment Barriers After the Great Depression and the Second World War, created nations have selected to expel obstructions to universal exchange and outside direct venture. This brought about the GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade). There were various rounds of arrangements between nations which resulted and these prompted further decreases and furthermore stretched out GATT to cover administrations, protected innovation rights and in the long run to the foundation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) following the Uruguay Round in 1994. The WTO is a changeless body that is answerable for setting up and further digging in rule based exchange and for dealing with the standard based world-exchanging framework (Hill, 2003). These advancements have added to the decrease of exchange and speculation obstructions and lower limitations on capital stream. These have thusly encouraged the globalization of business sectors and creation. Notwithstanding diminishing exchange boundaries, numerous nations have likewise been continuously evacuating limitations to remote direct speculation that has additionally supported world exchange development. Notwithstanding, regardless of whether the evacuation of those obstructions to exchange is something worth being thankful for is an easily proven wrong issue. Many creating nations would contend that given their naturally unique financial underpinnings, it will be practically unthinkable for them to contend on a level playing field as is propounded by globalization. They have additionally propelled that these obstructions or protectionist measures are critical in that they give as a rule a business opportunity for the creating nations sends out. 2. Innovation Throughout the most recent decades there has been critical innovative progression. The microchip upset is maybe the one that has had the most noteworthy effect. Chip are the basic segments that have fuelled the headway in worldwide correspondences. These incorporate satellite, optic fiber and remote correspondences just as the registering upset that has borne the Internet, the overall web and gave the conceivable outcomes of online business. These innovative improvements have added to the globalization of business sectors and creation, through better correspondence, and incorporation of overall exercises. It has additionally encouraged the expedient worldwide exchange of assets and capital, which further powers globalization. Other mechanical progressions that have added to globalization incorporate that of fly travel and containerization. Fly travel has empowered the fast and boundless development of individuals and products across national outskirts (Hill, 2003). This has encouraged the setting up of new organizations, associations and exchanges across fringes and has additionally helped in the co-appointment and coordination of overall business exercises. 3. Changing World Order The fall of socialism in the late 1980s has prompted moves away towards democratization of nations in Eastern Europe and the previous Central Asian Republics. A large number of the previous Iron Curtain Countries are increasingly managable to free market strategies which are thus helpful for globalization. Along these lines, it tends to be contended that a move in political belief system towards private enterprise has been a significant determinant of globalization. 4. Intermingling of Industrialisation Strategy Towards An Export Oriented Platform To the old style financial analysts, exchange was viewed as a motor of development as it encouraged the abuse of near bit of leeway. Be that as it may, by the 1950s, it was clear exchange was not having the normal propulsive impacts on account of flaws in universal exchanging frameworks, for example, oligopolistic rivalry, prejudicial evaluating, item separation and high levy obstructions. Accordingly, numerous countries embraced an import-substitutionâ [3]â strategy in an offer to decrease their import reliance. Import-replacement methodology involved an elevated level of security, by means of taxes, import limitation measures and quantities, which victimized fares through express and verifiable expense of fare exercises and an exaggerated outside swapping scale. Likewise, the administration utilized speculation permit, differential charges, charge occasions, exclusions and abatements to impact asset assignment among ventures and parts. The defenders of IS technique solidly accepted that they would have the option to fulfill the household need for assembling items; give work chances to gifted work; ease pressure on the equalization of installment and reinforce the drawn out gainful limit of the economy by bringing in the creation innovation through remote firmsâ [4]â and by utilizing the newborn child industry contention. In any case, the staggering agreement is that IS was a failureâ [5]â . IS system has ended up being foolish since it has brought about immense increments in imports of hardware and sources of info while move valuing comprised an extreme channel on remote trade. Likewise, IS allowed over the top insurance to enterprises creating wastefully unnecessary merchandise for high-pay world class. Moreover, financial credit and swapping scale approaches, combined with endowments on imports of capital products, made it conceivable and favorable to business visionaries to depend on high capital serious hardware created abroad and innovation unsuited to the factor extents winning in less created nations. Thus, another universality rose in the late 60s and mid 70s which focused on the job of fares of work concentrated fabricates as a motor of development. This spoke to an arrival to the static hypothesis of near bit of leeway with exchange dependent on various factor extents winning in different nations which implied that the pendulum turned full swing for improvement strategy in LDCs from import replacement to fabricated fares. Fare arranged procedure empowers free tradeâ [6]â , yet in addition the free development of capital, work, ventures and an open arrangement of correspondence. It likewise involved increasingly proficient allotment of assets with firms contending internationallyâ [7]â based on their relative near preferences. These contemplations, combined with the development of exchange squares, were factors inspiring changes in the vital direction of MNEs. MNEs experienced a total rebuilding of their worldwide and territorial gracefully profiles. This involved locatingâ [8]â manufacturing tasks in just a couple of nations yet trading for a more extensive market. Every auxiliary were opened to a completely serious market circumstance which allowed the acknowledgment of economies of scale and the achievement of ideal proficiency underway (Pearce, 1999). The where to create plainly picked up in unmistakable quality during such a period which prompted MNEs redistributing their unaltered possession focal points in

Children Getting Parents in Trouble

Despite the fact that kids are a guardians obligation, guardians are not continually with their youngsters to shield them from doing reckless acts. Guardians can possibly control what their youngsters are doing on the off chance that they are in their sight. Youngsters will regularly censure their folks for their activities when in actuality the kid is either forced by a companion, inquisitive, or needing to live the â€Å"life of a teenager† and have a ton of fun. It is contended that guardians should know where their kids are in any case, youngsters are not moronic and have numerous methods of working around that. They could tell their folks that they will go to their companions house and go through the night. The guardians can just believe that their youngster is really there. At that point, there is an issue with guardians who couldn't care less at all about what their youngsters do. On the off chance that a youngster (kid 1) was to go through the night at a companions house (kid 2) and the guardians of kid 2 couldn't have cared less at all about what the children did and the children went out to a gathering and got truly alcoholic making them settle on some terrible choices, most likely alcoholic driving, arsine, or murder. Than the parent that ought to have been viewing the kids is at halfway flaw. Be that as it may, they are not generally the ones who get charged for the wrongdoing and it’s different guardians who get the fault. Guardians can not help the interest that their kids have. Kids know directly from wrong and realize that what they are doing isn't proper. They should be rebuffed for what they have done, if each youngster pulled off wrongdoing and their folks were charged, than the kid could never gain from their errors and imagine that they will have the option to pull off anything and keep on carrying out violations.

50 Must-Read Books by YouTubers Memoirs, Guides, Cookbooks More!

50 Must-Read Books by YouTubers Memoirs, Guides, Cookbooks More! If you watch any content on YouTube, youre probably aware of the overwhelming number of books by YouTubers that have been published in the last several years. For a while, it seemed every major YouTuber was getting a book deal to write a memoir about their life and rise to internet fame. This should come as no surpriseâ€"publishers have long been seeking out interesting people with major platforms to write (and help sell!) books. So why not publish books by YouTubers? The site seems to be an endless source of creative people with unique stories and/or expertise to share on paper as well as on screenâ€"from early internet star and LGBTQ+ activist Tyler Oakley (677 million views and counting) to actor Issa Rae (who got her start with the  Awkward Black Girl  web series) to  vlogger Hank Green (co-founder of VidCon and DFTBA.com). While there are certainly a large number of autobiographical works on this list, YouTuber books cover as broad a range of topics as the content creators themselves.  These 50-must read books by YouTubers span the genres of self-help, DIY guides, cookbooks, fiction, poetry, and more. Disclosure: I work for Simon Schuster Audio, which publishes the audiobook edition of several of the books by YouTubers included in this list. Note: all descriptions are from Amazon/Goodreads and have been condensed for length. YouTuber Memoirs You’re Never Weird on the Internet (Almost): A Memoir by Felicia Day Channel:  Felicia Day From online entertainment mogul, actress, and queen of the geeks Felicia Day, a funny, quirky, and inspiring memoir about her unusual upbringing, her rise to Internet-stardom, and embracing her individuality to find success in Hollywood. Ryan Higas How to Write Good by Ryan Higa Channel: nigahiga This is the story of how I went from being a relatively happy kid to being depressed and angry and filled with dark thoughts. This is the story of how I thought I had only one way out of this cruel world. This is the story of how I found a better way. But wait, theres more! Youre not only getting my story but youll also learn how to write goodI mean wellfrom a college dropout who struggled in basic-level English classes and still became a legit, published Best Sailing Author. (That wasnt a typo. I plan to buy a boat one daybut probably not anytime soon. This book might not cell good.) The Amazing Book Is Not on Fire: The World of Dan and Phil by Dan Howell and Phil Lester Channels: Daniel Howell  and AmazingPhil Hello reader, in this book is a world. A world created by two awkward guys who share their lives on the internet! We are Dan and Phil and we invite you on a journey inside our minds! From the stories of our actual births, to exploring Phils teenage diary and all the reasons why Dans a fail. We Should Hang Out Sometime: Embarrassingly, a True Story by Josh Sundquist Channel: JoshSundquist A bright, poignant, and deeply funny autobiographical account of coming of age as an amputee cancer survivor, from Josh Sundquist: Paralympic ski racer, YouTube star, and motivational speaker. In Real Life: My Journey to a Pixelated World by Joey Graceffa Channel: Joey Graceffa A confessional, uplifting memoir from the beloved YouTube personality. Twenty-three year old Joey Graceffa has captured the hearts of millions of teens and young adults through his playful, sweet, and inspirational YouTube presence (not to mention his sparkling eyes and perfect hair). Yet, Joey wasn’t always comfortable in his skin, and in this candid memoir, he thoughtfully looks back on his journey from pain to pride, self-doubt to self-acceptance. Is You Okay? by Glozell Green Channel: GloZell Green Eager to entertain, dedicated to making people laugh, comedian and video superstar GloZell Green is game for any challenge, no matter how silly, gross, or absurd. With this funny and liberating book, GloZell uses the stories from her winding journey to unbelievable success to help her fans and young women everywhere navigate the obstacles we all face in life, while helping them find the greatness unique to each of them, inside and out. A Work in Progress by Connor Franta Channel: ConnorFranta In this intimate memoir of life beyond the camera, Connor Franta. . . . offers a look at his Midwestern upbringing as one of four children in the home and one of five in the classroom; his struggles with identity, body image, and sexuality in his teen years; and his decision to finally pursue his creative and artistic passions in his early twenties, setting up his thrilling career as a YouTube personality, philanthropist, entrepreneur, and tastemaker. Trans Mission: My Quest to a Beard  by Alex Bertie Channel: TheRealAlexBertie Long before he became known for his YouTube videos, Alex Bertie was an isolated, often-afraid transgender teenager looking for answers. In this revolutionary memoir and valuable resource, Alex recounts his life, struggles, and victories as a young trans man. Along the way, he provides readers with accessible, highly researched explanations of gender, sexuality, and transitions. He explores without judgment how complicated all these things can be, and how many equally authentic ways there are to live as yourself and find happiness. My Life as Eva: The Struggle Is Real by Eva Gutowski Channel: MyLifeAsEva From the popular YouTube personality Eva Gutowski comes an amazing book on all the ups and downs of life that everyone goes through, but no one is able to easily push through. From living on a diet of ramen noodles (and the occasional lucky maple poptart), to getting dumped not one- not two, but three times in high school, Eva has truly seen the craziest of times. She wants you to laugh, cry, and resonate with her beyond-embarrassing moments, in the hopes that you too will see that the joy in life is getting through it all with nothing but a smileâ€"because your smile is pretty dang special.   Essay Collections by YouTubers The Misadventures of Awkward Black Girl by Issa Rae Channel: Issa Rae Presents [I]n this debut collection of essays written in her witty and self-deprecating voice, Rae covers everything from cybersexing in the early days of the Internet to deflecting unsolicited comments on weight gain, from navigating the perils of eating out alone and public displays of affection to learning to accept yourselfâ€"natural hair and all. Buffering: Unshared Tales of a Life Fully Loaded by Hannah Hart Channel: MyHarto The wildly popular YouTube personality and author of the  New York Times  bestseller  My Drunk Kitchen  is back! This time, she’s stirring up memories and tales from her past. By combing through the journals that Hannah has kept for much of her life, this collection of narrative essays delivers a fuller picture of her life, her experiences, and the things she’s figured out about family, faith, love, sexuality, self-worth, friendship and fame. How to Ruin Everything: Essays by George Watsky Channel: WATSKY! In this brutally honest and humorous debut, musician and artist George Watsky chronicles the small triumphs over humiliation that make life bearable and how he has come to accept defeat as necessary to personal progress. The essays in  How to Ruin Everything  range from the absurd (how he became an international ivory smuggler) to the comical (his middle-school rap battle dominance) to the revelatory (his experiences with epilepsy). Binge by Tyler Oakley Channel: Tyler Oakley Pop culture phenomenon, social rights advocate, and the most prominent LGBTQ+ voice on YouTube, Tyler Oakley brings you his first collection of witty, personal, and hilarious essays written in the voice that’s earned him more than 10 million followers across social media. I Hate Myselfie: A Collection of Essays by Shane Dawson Channel: shane From his first vlog back in 2008 to his full-length film directorial debut  Not Cool, Shane Dawson has been an open book when it comes to documenting his life.  In  I Hate Myselfie, Shane steps away from his larger-than-life Internet persona and takes us deep into the experiences of an eccentric and introverted kid, who by observing the strange world around him developed a talent that would inspire millions of fans. So Much I Want to Tell You: Letters to My Little Sister by Anna Akana Channel: Anna Akana In 2007, Anna Akana lost her teen sister, Kristina, to suicide. In the months that followed, she realized that the one thing helping her process her grief and begin to heal was comedy. So she began making YouTube videos as a form of creative expression and as a way to connect with others. In  So Much I Want to Tell You,  Anna opens up about her own struggles with poor self-esteem and reveals both the highs and lows of coming-of-age. You Deserve a Drink: Boozy Misadventures and Tales of Debauchery by Mamrie Hart Channel: Mamrie Hart Mamrie Hart is a drinking star with a YouTube problem. With over a million subscribers to her cult-hit video series You Deserve a Drink, Hart has been entertaining viewers with a combination of tasty libations and raunchy puns since 2011. Finally, Hart has compiled her best drinking storiesâ€"and worst hangoversâ€"into one hilarious volume. [She] accompanies each story with an original cocktail recipe, ensuring that You Deserve a Drink is as educational as it is entertaining. Well, That Escalated Quickly: Memoirs and Mistakes of an Accidental Activist by Franchesca Ramsey Channel: chescaleigh  and MTV Decoded In this sharp, funny, and timely collection of personal essays, veteran video blogger and star of MTVs  Decoded  Franchesca Ramsey explores race, identity, online activism, and the downfall of real communication in the age of social media rants, trolls, and call-out wars. Motivational/Self-Help Books by YouTubers How To Be A Bawse: A Guide To Conquering Life  by Lilly Singh Channel: ||Superwoman|| From actress, comedian, and YouTube sensation Lilly Singh (aka ||Superwoman||) comes the definitive guide to being a bawseâ€"a person who exudes confidence, reaches goals, gets hurt efficiently, and smiles genuinely because they’ve fought through it all and made it out the other side.  Told in her hilarious, bold voice that’s inspired over nine million fans, and using stories from her own life to illustrate her message, Lilly proves that there are no shortcuts to success. Self-Help by Miranda Sings Channel: Miranda Sings As a bumbling, ironically talentless, self-absorbed personality (a young Gilda Radner, if you will), [Miranda Sings] offers up a vlog of helpful advice every week on her widely popular YouTube channel. For the first time ever, Miranda is putting her advice to paper in this easy-to-follow guide, illustrated by Miranda herself. In it, you’ll find instructions on everything: how to get a boyfriend (wear all black and carry a fishing net), to dressing for a date (sequins and an orange tutu), to performing magic (Magic is Lying), and much, much more! The Financial Diet: A Total Beginner’s Guide to Getting Good with Money by Chelsea Fagan and Lauren Ver Hage Channel: The Financial Diet The Financial Diet  is the personal finance book for people who don’t care about personal finance. Whether you’re in need of an overspending detox, buried under student debt, or just trying to figure out how to live on an entry-level salary,  The Financial Diet  gives you tools to make a budget, understand investments, and deal with your credit. Grace’s Guide: The Art of Pretending to Be a Grown Up by Grace Helbig Channel: Grace Helbig Face itâ€"being a young adult in the digital era is one of the hardest things to be. Well, maybe there are harder things in life…but being an adult is difficult! So Grace Helbig has written a guide that’s perfect for anyone who is faced with the daunting task of becoming an adult. Infused with her trademark saucy, sweet, and funny voice, Grace’s Guide is a tongue-in-cheek handbook for millennials, encompassing everything a young or new (or regular or old) adult needs to know, from surviving a breakup to recovering from a hangover. Doing It!: Let’s Talk About Sex by Hannah Witton Channel: Hannah Witton Figuring out how to build and maintain healthy relationshipswith your family, friends, romantically and with yourselfis a crucial part of being a teen. Its not easy though, particularly in a digital age where information and advice are so forthcoming it can be hard to know who or what to believe or trust. Porn is everywhere, sexting is the norm and messages about body image are highly mixed. Hannah combats this by tackling subjects ranging from masturbation and puberty to slut shaming and consent in an accessible, relatable and extremely honest way. Secrets for the Mad: Obsessions, Confessions, and Life Lessons by Dodie Clark Channel: doddleoddle When I feel like Im going mad I write.  A lot of my worst fears have come true; fears that felt so big I could barely hold them in my head. I was convinced that when theyd happen, the world would end. But the world didnt end. In fact, it pushed on and demanded to keep spinning through all sorts of mayhem, and I got through it. And because I persisted, I learned lessons about how to be a stronger, kinder, better humanlessons you can only learn by going through these sorts of things. This is for the people with minds that just dont stop; for those who feel everything seemingly a thousand times more than the people around them. The Hidden Power of F*cking Up by The Try Guys: Keith Habersberger, Zach Kornfeld, Eugene Lee Yang, and Ned Fulmer Channel: The Try Guys To be our best selves, we must become secure in our insecurities. In  The Hidden Power of F*cking Up,  The Try GuysKeith, Ned, Zach, and Eugenereveal their philosophy of  trying:  how to fully embrace fear, foolishness, and embarrassment in an effort to understand how we all get paralyzed by a fear of failure. They’ll share how four shy, nerdy kids have dealt with their most poignant life struggles by attacking them head-on and reveal theirahemsure-fail strategies for achieving success. Feel Good 101: The Outsiders Guide to a Happier Life  by Emma Blackery Channel: Emma Blackery In Feel Good 101,  YouTubes most outspoken star Emma Blackery is finally putting pen to paper to (over)share all her hard-learned life lessons. From standing up to bullies and bad bosses to embracing body confidence and making peace with her brain, Emma speaks with her trademark honesty about the issues shes facedincluding her struggles with anxiety and depression. This is the book Emma wishes shed had growing up . . . and shes written it for you. Make Your Mind Up: My Guide to Finding Your Own Style, Life, and Motavation!  by Bethany Mota Channel: Bethany Mota From tips on life, love, and everything in between; to original DIYs, recipes, and style hacks; to the incredible story of a girl next door turned Internet sensation, Make Your Mind Up is the ultimate guide to rocking your look and ruling your worldâ€"from inspirational YouTuber, designer, entrepreneur, and digital influencer, Bethany Mota. Kid President’s Guide to Being Awesome by Robby Novak and Brad Montague Channel: SoulPancake Kid Presidentâ€"ten-year-old Robby Novakâ€"and his videos have inspired millions to dance more, to celebrate life, and to throw spontaneous parades. In his  Guide to Being Awesome, Kid President pulls together lists of awesome ideas to help the world, awesome interviews with his awesome celebrity friends (he has interviewed Beyoncé!), and a step-by-step guide to make pretty much everything a little bit awesomer. You’re Crushing It!: Positivity for Living Your Real Life by Lex Croucher Channel: Lex Croucher An honest, thoughtful and hilarious survival guide for young people by social media sensation, Lex Croucher. Learn that you can face whatever today throws at you, because it has terrible aim anyway. And realise that only you scrutinise your flaws â€" seriously, no one else is paying attention, theres far too much interesting stuff on Netflix. A must-read for anyone who wants to embrace their actual, real, unedited life. Just always remember … YOURE CRUSHING IT. DIY Books by YouTubers Make Up: Your Life Guide to Beauty, Style, and Successâ€"Online and Off by Michelle Phan Channel: Michelle Phan Ever since she posted her first makeup tutorial on YouTube, [Michelle Phan] has dedicated herself to inspire millions by using makeup as a tool for transformation and self expression.  Now, Michelle has compiled all of her best wisdom into Make Up: Your Life Guide to Beauty, Style, and Successâ€"Online and Off. From creating a gorgeous smoky eye to understanding contouring to developing an online persona, Michelle has advice to help you transform every facet of your life. Rhett Link’s Book of Mythicality: A Field Guide to Curiosity, Creativity, and Tomfoolery by Rhett McLaughlin and Link Neal Channel: Good Mythical Morning [A]ward-winning comedians [Rhett and Link] are finally bringing their Mythical world to the printed page in their first book. A hilarious blend of autobiography, trivia, and advice,  Rhett Links Book of Mythicality: A Field Guide to Curiosity, Creativity, and Tomfoolery  will offer twenty ways to add “Mythicality” to your life, including: -Eat Something That Scares You -Make a Bold Hair Choice -Invent Something Ridiculous -Say I Love You Like Its Never Been Said -Speak at Your Own Funeral The goal of these offbeat prompts? To learn new things, laugh more often, and earn a few grown-up merit badges along the way.   A Hot Glue Gun Mess: Funny Stories, Pretty DIY Projects by Mr. Kate Channel: Mr. Kate Hugely popular lifestyle blogger, YouTube star, and designer Mr. Kate (Kate Albrecht) offers a stunning collection of step-by-step personal style and home projectsâ€"woven in with quirkily hilarious stories and anecdotes. Filled with 50 unique and approachable projects, along with hysterical, unfiltered stories from Mr. Kate’s crazy life, A Hot Glue Gun Mess will show how life can inspire art. Karina Garcia’s DIY Slimme: 15 Cool, Easy, Borax-Free Recipes  by Karina Garcia Channel: Karina Garcia Get ready to become a slime master with these fifteen DIY recipes from YouTube sensation Karina Garcia! This full color book, with step-by-step instructions, will teach you how to make Liquid Gold Slime, Glow-in-the-Dark Slime, Balloon Slime, and more! Check out this list of six more slime books! The Pointless Book by Alfie Deyes Channel: Alfie Deyes Vlogs Brought to you by YouTube Vlogger Alfie Deyes, The Pointless Book, accompanied by the free downloadable app, is the ultimate addition to his YouTube channel a weird funny video-diary of fun, challenges and nothingness: bake a cake in a mug; take part in a people-watching challenge; create a time capsule; diarise a week of your life and learn to make origami. Fully illustrated and packed with a host of games, activities and pranks, Alfie invites you to join his online following as he challenges you to complete your journal of pointlessness and do virtually nothing with pride. Cookbooks by YouTubers The Nerdy Nummies Cookbook: Sweet Treats for the Geek in All of Us by Rosanna Pansino Channel: Rosanna Pansino The long-awaited first cookbook from the creator and host of the Internet’s most popular baking show, Nerdy Nummies: a collection of Rosanna Pansino’s all-time favorite geeky recipes as well as sensational new recipes exclusive to this book.  You’ll find the recipes for many beloved fan favorites from the show, such as Apple Pi Pie, the Chocolate Chip Smart Cookie, and Volcano Cake; as well as many new geeky recipes, such as Dinosaur Fossil Cake, Moon Phase Macarons, and the Periodic Table of Cupcakes. My Drunk Kitchen: A Guide to Eating, Drinking, and Going with Your Gut by Hannah Hart Channel: MyHarto One day, lonely cubicle dweller and otherwise bored New York City transplant Hannah Hart decided to make a fake cooking show for a friend back home in California. She opened her laptop, pulled out some bread and cheese, and then, as one does, started drinking. The video was called Butter Yo Sh*t and online sensation  My Drunk Kitchen  was born.  My Drunk Kitchen  (the book!) includes recipes, stories, color photographs, and tips and tricks to inspire your own adventures in tipsy cooking. Sweet Potato Soul: 100 Easy Vegan Recipes for the Southern Flavors of Smoke, Sugar, Spice, and Soul by Jenna Claiborne Channel: Sweet Potato Soul Jenna Claiborne grew up in Atlanta eating classic Soul Foodfluffy biscuits, smoky sausage, Nanas sweet potato piebut thought shed have to give all that up when she went vegan. As a chef, she instead spent years tweaking and experimenting to infuse plant-based, life-giving, glow-worthy foods with the flavor and depth that feeds the soul. The result? Her first cookbook, Sweet Potato Soul, offering 100 vegan recipes that riff on Southern cooking in surprising and delicious ways, beautifully illustrated with full-color photography. Fit Men Cook: 100+ Meal Prep Recipes for Men and Womenâ€"Always #HealthyAF, Never Boring  by Kevin Curry Channel: Fit Men Cook In  Fit Men Cook, Kevin Curry, fitness expert and social media sensation with millions of followers and hundreds of thousands of downloads on his app, shares everything you need to live a healthy life each dayâ€"from grocery lists to common dieting pitfalls to his ten commandments of meal prepâ€"as well as his personal story of overcoming depression and weight gain to start a successful business and fitness movement. Eat What You Watch: A Cookbook for Movie Lovers by Andrew Rea Channel: Binging with Babish Many of our favorite movies come with a side of iconic food moments: the elaborate timpano from Big Night, Charlie Chaplin’s dancing dinner rolls in The Gold Rush, the orgasmic deli fare from When Harry Met Sally, or the redemptive birthday cake from Sixteen Candles. In this cookbook, author Andrew Rea (of the hit YouTube channel Binging with Babish) recreates these iconic food scenes and many more. Fiction Books by YouTubers An Absolutely Remarkable Thing by Hank Green Channel: vlogbrothers In his wildly entertaining debut novel, Hank Greenâ€"cocreator of Crash Course, Vlogbrothers, and SciShowâ€"spins a sweeping, cinematic tale about a young woman who becomes an overnight celebrity before realizing shes part of something bigger, and stranger, than anyone could have possibly imagined. I Hate Everyone But You by Gaby Dunn and Allison Raskin Channel: Just Between Us Dear Best Friend, I can already tell that I will hate everyone but you. Sincerely,   Ava Helmer (that brunette who won’t leave you alone) Were still in the same room, you weirdo. Stop crying. G So begins a series of texts and emails sent between two best friends, Ava and Gen, as they head off to their first semesters of college on opposite sides of the country. From first loves to weird roommates, heartbreak, self-discovery, coming out and mental health, the two of them document every wild and awkward moment to each other. But as each changes and grows into her new life, will their friendship be able to survive the distance? On the Other Side by Carrie Hope Fletcher Channel: Carrie Hope Fletcher Evie Snow is eighty-two when she quietly passes away in her sleep, surrounded by her children and grandchildren. Its the way most people wish to leave the world but when Evie reaches the door of her own private heaven, she finds that shes become her twenty-seven-year-old self and the door wont open. Evies soul must be light enough to pass through so she needs to get rid of whatever is making her soul heavy. For Evie, this means unburdening herself of the three secrets that have weighed her down for over fifty years, so she must find a way to reveal them before its too late. Paper Towns by John Green Channel:  vlogbrothers Who is the real Margo?  Quentin Jacobsen has spent a lifetime loving the magnificently adventurous Margo Roth Spiegelman from afar. So when she cracks open a window and climbs into his lifeâ€"dressed like a ninja and summoning him for an ingenious campaign of revengeâ€"he follows. After their all-nighter ends, and a new day breaks, Q arrives at school to discover that Margo, always an enigma, has now become a mystery. But Q soon learns that there are cluesâ€"and theyre for him. Urged down a disconnected path, the closer he gets, the less Q sees the girl he thought he knew The Secret Diary of Lizzie Bennet by Bernie Su and Kate Rorick Channel: The Lizzie Bennet Diaries Twenty-four-year-old grad student Lizzie Bennet is saddled with student loan debt and still living at home along with her two sistersâ€"beautiful Jane and reckless Lydia. When she records her reflections on life for her thesis project and posts them on YouTube, she has no idea  The Lizzie Bennet Diaries  will soon take on a life of their own, turning the Bennet sisters into internet celebrities seemingly overnight. Featuring plenty of fresh twists to delight fans and new readers alike,  The Secret Diary of Lizzie Bennet  expands on the web series phenomenon that captivated a generation and reimagines the  Pride and Prejudice  story like never before. Again, but Better by Christine Riccio Channel: polandbananasBOOKS Shane has been doing college all wrong. Pre-med, stellar grades, and happy parents…sounds idealâ€"but Shanes made zero friends, goes home every weekend, and romance…what’s that?  Her life has been dorm, dining hall, class, repeat. Times a ticking, and she needs a changeâ€"theres nothing like moving to a new country to really mix things up. Shane signs up for a semester abroad in London. Shes going to right all her college mistakes: make friends, pursue boys, and find adventure!  Easier said than done. She is soon faced with the complicated realities of living outside her bubble, and when self-doubt sneaks in, her new life starts to fall apart. Children of Eden by Joey Graceffa Channel: Joey Graceffa The electrifying #1  New York Times  bestselling debut novel from YouTube sensation Joey Graceffa dares to ask the question:  What would you do in order to survive if your very existence were illegal?  Rowan is a second child in a world where population control measures make her an outlaw, marked for death. She can never go to school, make friends, or get the eye implants that will mark her as a true member of Eden.  Now, desperate to see the world, she recklessly escapes for what she swears will be only one night of adventure. Though she finds an exotic world, and even a friend, the night leads to tragedy. Soon Rowan becomes a renegade on the run. Girl, Online by Zoe Sugg with Siobhan Curham Channel: Zoe Sugg Penny has a secret. Under the alias GirlOnline, Penny blogs her hidden feelings about friendship, boys, high school drama, her crazy family, and the panic attacks that have begun to take over her life. When things go from bad to worse at school, her parents accept an opportunity to whisk the family away for Christmas at the Waldorf Astoria in New York City. There, Penny meets Noah, a gorgeous, guitar-strumming American. Suddenly she is falling in loveâ€"and capturing every moment she spends with Brooklyn Boy on her blog. But Noah has a secret, too, one that threatens to ruin Penny’s coverâ€"and her closest friendshipâ€"forever. Miscellaneous Books by YouTubers (Poetry, Science, and More!) Fun Science: A Guide to Life, the Universe and Why Science Is So Awesome by Charlie McDonnell Channel: charlieissocoollike Welcome, fellow humans (and others), to the the world of FUN SCIENCE! In my book, Ill be taking you on an awesome journey through the cosmos, beginning with the Big Bang through to the Solar System and the origins of life on Earth, all the way down to the particles that make up everything around us (including you and me!). Expect frequent digressions, tons of illustrations of not-so-sciencey things (NB a microwave flying through space), and pages packed with my all time favourite mind-bending science facts. Adultolescence  by Gabbie Hanna Channel: Gabbie Hanna In poems ranging from the singsong rhythms of children’s verses to a sophisticated confessional style, Gabbie explores what it means to feel like a kid and an adult all at once, revealing her own longings, obsessions, and insecurities along the way.  Adultolescence  announces the arrival of a brilliant new voice with a magical ability to connect through alienation, cut to the profound with internet slang, and detonate wickedly funny jokes between moments of existential dread. Thug Notes: A Street-Smart Guide to Classic Literature by Sparky Sweets, PhD Channel: Wisecrack Sparky Sweets, PhD. and Wisecrack proudly present this outrageously funny, ultra-sharp guide to literature based on the hit online series, Thug Notes. Inside, youll find hilarious plot breakdowns and masterful analyses of sixteen of literatures most beloved classics, including:  The Catcher in the Rye,  To Kill A Mockingbird,  Pride Prejudice,  The Color Purple,  Hamlet,  Things Fall Apart,  and more! Egghead; or, You Can’t Survive on Ideas Alone by Bo Burnham, illustrated by Chance Bone Channel: boburnham A strange and charming collection of hilariously absurd poetry, writing, and illustration from one of todays most popular young comedians. In Egghead, Bo brings his brand of brainy, emotional comedy to the page in the form of off-kilter poems, thoughts, and more. Teaming up with his longtime friend, artist, and illustrator Chance Bone, Bo takes on everything from death to farts in this weird book that will make you think, laugh and think, why did I just laugh?' Liked this deep dive into 50 must-read books by YouTubers? Check out more of Book Riots 50 must-read book lists!

The Procedures And Methods Of A National Health Care System

Overview This section of the project defines the procedures and methods used in completing this project. The first part shows various cases study done around the world to help us understand how healthcare center work. The second part explains into detail the different stages of the design process for this project and how they respond to the issues. Facing all these new health-care challenges, the Chinese government decided to carry out a national health-care reform in 2009 and a succession of strategies and policies were developed and implemented in respect to the health-care reform plan. The main objective of this new plan is to create and improve the basic and primary health care system covering urban and rural areas and to make sure people with these areas receive a secure, efficient, convenient and affordable health care service.33 China’s health-care reform concentrated on five key projects, including accelerating the construction of the basic medical security system, establishing a preliminary national essential medicines system, improving the grassroots health-care services system, promoting the progressive equalization of basic public health services, and promoting the reform of public hospitals.33 3. Cases study In China and around the world, there are many and creative design of healthcare center facility. 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Expectations versus Reality in Stephen Cranes The Red...

Expectations versus Reality in Stephen Cranes The Red Badge of Courage The notion that war is an exciting, romantic endeavor full of glory and heroism has existed for centuries. Stephen Crane set out to demystify war through his novel The Red Badge of Courage, which traces the experiences of a young soldier in the American Civil War. Crane shows the true nature of war by contrasting Henry Flemings romantic expectations with the reality that he encounters. This contrast between romantic vision and cold reality can be seen early in the novel, with Henrys departure from home. Driven to a prolonged ecstasy of excitement by the rejoicing crowd, Henry enlists in the army and says good-bye to his mother with a light of excitement†¦show more content†¦The contrast is again evident in Henrys army experiences before going into battle. His treatment before leaving town only serves to increase his romantic expectations as his former classmates [throng] about him with wonder and admiration (710). Henrys regiment is then treated so well on its journey to Washington that he is led to believe that he must be a hero with the strength to do mighty deeds of arms (711). In keeping with his romantic beliefs, Henry imagines that his regiment will be involved in a series of death struggles with small time in between for sleep and meals (711). Yet again, Crane presents a more realistic view in Henrys actual experiences. Instead of automatically being a hero, as he had anticipated, Henry faces uncertainty and a little panic-fear as to his own ability to withstand battle (712). Filled with self-doubt, Henry dreams of a thousand-tongued fear that [will] babble at his back and cause him to flee (718). In addition, Henry must put up with months of monotonous life in a camp, not the constant action he anticipated (711). Even when his regiment does move out, it moves from place to place with apparent aimlessness, leaving a frustrated Henry to feel that he is merely one part of a vast blue demonstration (722). It is in the scenes of battle and death, however, that the contrast between Henrys romantic expectations and his actual experiences

Birthday Party Essay Free Essays

Last February, I experienced something new: a party with my friends. My birthday parties were usually just family and maybe one friend, but this time I got to invite several friends. Lupe arrived first. We will write a custom essay sample on Birthday Party Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now She and I have been growing apart for a while, so it was awkward with just her there. I talked to her for a few minutes, then the others got there. When everyone had just arrived, we hung out in the hallway at first because it was a little awkward. My mom had hired a girl to do our nails, so when she arrived we all went into the living room where she got started on our nails. At that point, everyone started having fun. I hadn’t seen, Lara or Duu’aa in a while; I got to catch up with them then, which I very much enjoyed. Lara is often stressed out. That night, however, she was in a very good mood so we had fun just talking. I hadn’t seen Duu’aa in over a year, so I was very excited that she was coming. I was happy to see her and Lara and just talk them. The conversations themselves weren’t anything special; it was just seeing two friends I’d missed that made me so happy. Ashley had drunk too much coffee earlier that day, so she was very hyper. This made the party more fun, because she kept laughing at everything, which made me laugh. That was the most fun I had in as long as I can remember. Nothing could bother me that night. I don’t have much of a social life; despite this being my sixteenth birthday party, it was the first time I’d had lots of friends over and it put me in the best mood I remember ever being in. This experience reminds me of what God said in Genesis: â€Å"It is not good for man to be alone.† To me this says that I need to become closer to my friends, because I long for deeper friendships. This party is a wonderful memory to me. I thought I held on to it because I felt so happy that night, but looking back now, I realize that it’s more than that. I held on to this memory because it was a time that I had a taste of something I want so badly- lots of close friends. Grandma says that because I never went to school, I never learned how to make friends. I think she’s right about that. However, while I never gained social skills that other kids have gained from going to school, I gained something much more precious- a solid foundation in my Catholic faith. Being raised in a strong Catholic Christian environment, I was sheltered from many bad influences. I do wonder what would have happened if I had gone to public school, but I am grateful to my parents that I wasn’t. It would probably have been much easier for Mom to put my siblings and I in school and let others take care of us during the   day, but she didn’t do that. She loved us enough to sacrifice the time that many other mothers have to themselves during the school day and to sacrifice in many other ways also. She continues to do so everyday. How to cite Birthday Party Essay, Essays

The Fall Of The House Of Usher Setting Essays -

The Fall of the House of Usher: Setting The Fall of the House of Usher: Setting In the short story, "The Fall of the House of Usher," by Edgar Allen Poe, setting is used extensively to do many things. The author uses it to convey ideas, effects, and images. It establishes a mood and foreshadows future events. Poe communicates truths about the character through setting. Symbols are also used throughout to help understand the theme through the setting. Poe uses the setting to create an atmosphere in the reader's mind. He chose every word in every sentence carefully to create a gloomy mood. For example, Usher's house, its windows, bricks, and dungeon are all used to make a dismal atmosphere. The "white trunks of decayed trees," the "black and lurid tarn," and the "vacant, eyelike windows" contribute to the collective atmosphere of dispair and anguish. This is done with the words black, lurid, decayed, and vacant. The narrator says that the Usher mansion had "an atmosphere which had no affinity with the air of heaven." It was no where near being beautiful, holy, or clean. He uses descriptive words such as decayed, strange, peculiar, gray, mystic, Gothic, pestilent, dull and sluggish to create the atmosphere. Poe's meticulous choice of words creates a very effective atmosphere in the story. Another important way Poe uses the setting is to foreshadow events in the story. Roderick Usher's mansion is on example of this. There is a "barely perceptible fissure" in the masonry. It is a small crack in "The House of Usher" which the narrator defines as "both the family and the family mansion." This foreshadows an event that will ruin the house and the family. The fissure divides the house. Roderick and Madeline die, destroying the family. The narrator says there is a "wild inconsistency between [the masonry's] still perfect adaptation..and the crumbling condition of the individual stones." This is also symbolic. The stones represent the individual people of the Usher family, and the entire mansion stands for the whole family. The "wild inconsistency" makes the reader aware that something later in the story will make the inconsistency" clear or consistent. From far away, no one knows that the House of Usher is in despair. The "fabric gave little token of instability"-- or the mansion itself did not tell of the turmoil it concealed. The story takes place in autumn, a season associated with death. When the story's tension is about to reach its crescendo, a storm comes up, a "rising tempest." This is a symbol for the "tempest" brewing in Roderick Usher's mind. Poe's use of foreshadowing is just enough to clue the reader into what will happen, but not enough to give it away. Character traits are displayed through how the setting affects, influences, and reveals the characters. The narrator is affected by the gloomy atmosphere of the Usher mansion. He is "sucked in" to Usher's "dream world," the world he created after living alone in his dismal house for years. Usher's house itself is a symbol for Usher. It is isolated like Usher. There are many "intricate passages," like the many facets of his mind. One of the rooms had windows which "feeble gleams of encrimsoned light...served to render sufficiently distinct the more prominent objects around." The windows stand for Usher's eyes, the light is reality. He lives in his own world he created. Reality enters his brain only in "feeble gleams of light." "The eye...struggles in vain to reach the remoter angles of the chamber.." The reality does not reach all of his brain. These quotes show that Usher is only half in the real world, half in his own world. The books Usher read, his art, and music all reveal his personality. He played "long improvised dirges" on the guitar. The narrator describes his painting as "phantasmagoric." The books he reads are about death, magic, mysticism, the occult, and torture. His favorite is a book of vigils for the dead. All these things show that Usher is unstable and obsessed with death. Through the setting, Edgar Allan Poe is able to foreshadow events, establish an atmosphere, and reveal character traits. Although the reader may not notice all the numerous devices used, they contribute to giving the story depth. Noticed or not, Poe utilizes the setting to its' full capacity to create the mood, characters and foreshadowing.

The Amazing and Horrifying Story of Kurt Gerstein

The Amazing and Horrifying Story of Kurt Gerstein Anti-Nazi Kurt Gerstein (1905-1945) never intended to be a witness to the Nazi murder of the Jews. He joined the SS to try to find out what happened to his sister-in-law, who had mysteriously died in a mental institution. Gerstein was so successful in his infiltration of the SS that he was placed in a position to witness gassings at Belzec. Gerstein then told everyone he could think of about what he saw and yet no action was taken. Some wonder if Gerstein did enough. Kurt Gerstein Kurt Gerstein was born on August 11, 1905, in Mà ¼nster, Germany. Growing up as a young boy in Germany during the First World War and the following tumultuous years, Gerstein did not escape the pressures of his time. He was taught by his father to follow orders without question; he agreed with the growing patriotic fervor that espoused German nationalism, and he was not immune to the strengthening anti-Semitic feelings of the inter-war period. Thus he joined the Nazi Party on May 2, 1933. However, Gerstein found that much of the National Socialist (Nazi) dogma went against his strong Christian beliefs. Turning Anti-Nazi While attending college, Gerstein became very involved in Christian youth groups. Even after graduating in 1931 as a mining engineer, Gerstein remained very active in the youth groups, especially the Federation of German Bible Circles (until it was disbanded in 1934). On January 30, 1935, Gerstein attended an anti-Christian play, Wittekind at the Municipal Theater in Hagen. Though he sat amongst numerous Nazi members, at one point in the play he stood up and shouted, This is unheard of! We shall not allow our faith to be publicly mocked without protest!1 For this statement, he was given a black eye and had several teeth knocked out.2 On September 26, 1936, Gerstein was arrested and imprisoned for anti-Nazi activities. He had been arrested for attaching anti-Nazi letters to invitations sent out to invitees of the German Miners Association.3 When Gersteins house was searched, additional anti-Nazi letters, issued by the Confessional Church, were found ready to be mailed along with 7,000 addressed envelopes.4 After the arrest, Gerstein was officially excluded from the Nazi Party. Also, after six weeks of imprisonment, he was released only to find that he had lost his job in the mines. Arrested Again Not able to get a job, Gerstein went back to school. He began to study theology at Tà ¼bingen but soon transferred to the Protestant Missions Institute to study medicine. After a two-year engagement, Gerstein married Elfriede Bensch, a pastors daughter, on August 31, 1937. Even though Gerstein had already suffered exclusion from the Nazi Party as a warning against his anti-Nazi activities, he soon resumed his distribution of such documents. On July 14, 1938, Gerstein was again arrested. This time, he was transferred to the Welzheim concentration camp where he became extremely depressed. He wrote, Several times I came within an ace of hanging myself of putting an end to my life in some other way because I hadnt the faintest idea if, or when, I should ever be released from that concentration camp.5 On June 22, 1939, after Gersteins release from the camp, the Nazi Party took even more drastic action against him regarding his status in the Party - they officially dismissed him. Gerstein Joins the SS In the beginning of 1941, Gersteins sister-in-law, Bertha Ebeling, died mysteriously at the Hadamar mental institution. Gerstein was shocked by her death and became determined to infiltrate the Third Reich to find out the truth about the numerous deaths at Hadamar and similar institutions. On March 10, 1941, a year and a half into the Second World War, Gerstein joined the Waffen SS. He was soon placed in the medical services hygiene section where he succeeded in inventing water filters for German troops - to his superiors delight. Gerstein had been dismissed from the Nazi Party, thus should not have been able to hold any Party position, especially not become part of the Nazi elite. For a year and a half, the anti-Nazi Gersteins entry into the Waffen SS went unnoticed by those that had dismissed him. In November 1941, at a funeral for Gersteins brother, a member of the Nazi court that had dismissed Gerstein saw him in uniform. Although information about his past was passed on to Gersteins superiors, his technical and medical skills - proven by the working water filter - made him too valuable to dismiss, Gerstein was thus allowed to stay at his post. Zyklon B Three months later, in January 1942, Gerstein was appointed the head of the Technical Disinfection Department of the Waffen SS where he worked with various toxic gases, including Zyklon B. On June 8, 1942, while the head of the Technical Disinfection Department, Gerstein was visited by SS Sturmbannfà ¼hrer Rolf Gà ¼nther of the Reich Security Main Office. Gà ¼nther ordered Gerstein to deliver 220 pounds of Zyklon B to a location known only to the driver of the truck. Gersteins main task was to determine the feasibility of changing the Aktion Reinhard gas chambers from carbon monoxide to Zyklon B. In August 1942, after having collected the  Zyklon B  from a factory in Kolin (near Prague, Czech Republic), Gerstein was taken to  Majdanek, Belzec, and  Treblinka. Belzec Gerstein arrived at Belzec on August 19, 1942, where he witnessed the entire process of gassing a trainload of Jews. After the unloading of 45 train cars stuffed with 6,700 people, those that were still alive were marched, completely naked, and told that no harm would come to them.  After the gas chambers were filled: Unterscharfà ¼hrer Hackenholt was making great efforts to get the engine running. But it doesnt go. Captain Wirth comes up. I can see he is afraid because I am present at a disaster. Yes, I see it all and I wait. My stopwatch showed it all, 50 minutes, 70 minutes, and the diesel did not start. The people wait inside the gas chambers. In vain. They can be heard weeping, like in the synagogue, says Professor Pfannenstiel, his eyes glued to a window in the wooden door. Furious, Captain Wirth lashes the Ukrainian assisting Hackenholt twelve, thirteen times, in the face. After 2 hours and 49 minutes - the stopwatch recorded it all - the diesel started. Up to that moment, the people shut up in those four crowded chambers were still alive, four times 750 persons in four times 45 cubic meters. Another 25 minutes elapsed. Many were already dead, that could be seen through the small window because an electric lamp inside lit up the chamber for a few moments. After 28 minutes, only a few were still alive. Finally, after 32 minutes, all were dead. 6 Gerstein was then shown the processing of the dead: Dentists hammered out gold teeth, bridges and crowns. In the midst of them stood Captain Wirth. He was in his element, and showing me a large can full of teeth, he said: See for yourself the weight of that gold! Its only from yesterday and the day before. You cant imagine what we find every day - dollars, diamonds, gold. Youll see for yourself! 7 Telling the World Gerstein was shocked by what he had witnessed. Yet, he realized that as a witness, his position was unique. I was one of the handful of people who had seen every corner of the establishment, and certainly the only one to have visited it as an enemy of this gang of murderers. 8 He buried the Zyklon B canisters that he was supposed to deliver to the death camps. He was shaken by what he had seen. He wanted to expose what he knew to the world so that they could stop it. On the train back to Berlin, Gerstein met Baron Gà ¶ran von Otter, a Swedish diplomat. Gerstein told von Otter all he had seen. As von Otter relates the conversation: It was hard to get Gerstein to keep his voice down. We stood there together, all night, some six hours or maybe eight. And again and again, Gerstein kept on recalling what he had seen. He sobbed and hid his face in his hands. 9 Von Otter made a detailed report of his conversation with Gerstein and sent it to his superiors. Nothing happened. Gerstein continued to tell people what he had seen. He tried to contact the Legation of the Holy See but was denied access because he was a soldier.10 [T]aking my life in my hands every moment, I continued to inform hundreds of people of these horrible massacres. Among them were the Niemà ¶ller family; Dr. Hochstrasser, the press attachà © at the Swiss Legation in Berlin; Dr. Winter, the coadjutor of the Catholic Bishop of Berlin - so that he could transmit my information to the Bishop and to the Pope; Dr. Dibelius [bishop of the Confessing Church], and many others. In this way, thousands of people were informed by me.11 As months continued to pass and still the Allies had done nothing to stop the extermination, Gerstein became increasingly frantic. [H]e behaved in a strangely reckless manner, needlessly risking his life every time he spoke of the extermination camps to persons he scarcely knew, who were in no position to help, but might easily have been subjected to torture and interrogation. . .  12 Suicide or Murder On April 22, 1945, near the end of the war, Gerstein contacted the Allies. After telling his story and showing his documents, Gerstein was kept in honorable captivity in Rottweil - this meant he was lodged at Hotel Mohren and just had to report to the French gendarmerie once a day.13 It was here that Gerstein wrote down his experiences - both in French and German. At this time, Gerstein seemed optimistic and confident. In a letter, Gerstein wrote: After twelve years of unremitting struggle, and in particular after the last four years of my extremely dangerous and exhausting activity and the many horrors I have lived through, I should like to recuperate with my family in Tà ¼bingen. 14 On May 26, 1945, Gerstein was soon transferred to Constance, Germany and then to Paris, France in early June. In Paris, the French did not treat Gerstein differently than the other war prisoners. He was taken to the Cherche-Midi military prison on July 5, 1945. The conditions there were terrible. On the afternoon of July 25, 1945, Kurt Gerstein was found dead in his cell, hung with part of his blanket. Though it was apparently a suicide, there is still some question if it was perhaps murder, possibly committed by other German prisoners who did not want Gerstein to talk. Gerstein was buried in the Thiais cemetery under the name Gastein. But even that was temporary, for his grave was within a section of the cemetery that was razed in 1956. Tainted In 1950, a final blow was given to Gerstein - a denazification court posthumously condemned him. After his experiences in the Belzec camp, he might have been expected to resist, with all the strength at his command, being made the tool of an organized mass murder. The court is of the opinion that the accused did not exhaust all the possibilities open to him and that he could have found other ways and means of holding aloof from the operation. . . .Accordingly, taking into account the extenuating circumstances noted . . . the court has not included the accused among the main criminals but has placed him among the tainted.15 It was not until January 20, 1965, that Kurt Gerstein was cleared of all charges, by the Premier of Baden-Wà ¼rttemberg. End Notes Saul Friedlnder,  Kurt Gerstein: The Ambiguity of Good  (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1969) 37.Friedlnder,  Gerstein  37.Friedlnder,  Gerstein  43.Friedlnder,  Gerstein  44.Letter by Kurt Gerstein to relatives in the United States as quoted in Friedlnder,  Gerstein  61.Report by Kurt Gerstein as quoted in Yitzhak Arad,  Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps  (Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1987)  102.Report by Kurt Gerstein as quoted in Arad,  Belzec  102.Friedlnder,  Gerstein  109.Friedlnder,  Gerstein  124.Report by Kurt Gerstein as quoted in Friedlnder,  Gerstein  128.Report by Kurt Gerstein as quoted in Friedlnder,  Gerstein  128-129.Martin Niemà ¶ller as quoted in Friedlnder,  Gerstein  179.Friedlnder,  Gerstein  211-212.Letter by Kurt Gerstein as quoted in Friedlnder,  Gerstein  215-216.Verdict of the Tà ¼bingen Denazification Court, August 17, 1950 as quoted in Friedlnder,  Gerstein  225-226. Bibliography Arad, Yitzhak.  Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1987.Friedlnder, Saul.  Kurt Gerstein: The Ambiguity of Good. New York: Alfred A Knopf, 1969.Kochan, Lionel. Kurt Gerstein.  Encyclopedia of the Holocaust. Ed. Israel Gutman. New York: Macmillan Library Reference USA, 1990.

Samuel Morse and the Invention of the Telegraph

Samuel Morse and the Invention of the Telegraph The word telegraph is derived from Greek and means to write far, which describes exactly what a telegraph does. At the height of its use,  telegraph technology involved a worldwide system of wires with stations and operators and messengers, that carried messages and news by electricity faster than any other invention before it. Pre-Electricity Telegraphy Systems The first crude telegraph system was made without electricity. It was a system of semaphores or tall poles with movable arms, and other signaling apparatus, set within physical sight of one another. There was such a telegraph line between Dover and London at during the Battle of Waterloo; that related the news of the battle, which had come to Dover by ship, to an anxious London, when a fog set in (obscuring the line of sight) and the Londoners had to wait until a courier on horseback arrived. Electrical Telegraph The electrical telegraph is one of Americas gifts to the world. The credit  for this invention belongs to Samuel Finley Breese Morse. Other inventors had discovered the principles of the telegraph, but Samuel Morse was the first to understand the practical significance of those facts and was the first to take steps to make a practical invention; which took him 12 long years of work. Early Life of  Samuel Morse Samuel Morse was born in 1791, in Charlestown, Massachusetts. His father was a Congregational minister and a scholar of high standing, who was able to send his three sons to Yale College. Samuel (or Finley, as he was called by his family) attended Yale at the age of fourteen and was taught by Benjamin Silliman, Professor of Chemistry, and Jeremiah Day, Professor of Natural Philosophy, later President of Yale College, whose teaching gave Samuel the education which in later years led to the invention of the telegraph. Mr. Days lectures are very interesting, the young student wrote home in 1809; they are upon electricity; he has given us some very fine experiments, the whole class taking hold of hands form the circuit of communication and we all receive the shock apparently at the same moment. Samuel Morse the Painter Samuel Morse was  a gifted  artist; in fact, he earned a part of his college expenses painting miniatures at five dollars apiece. He even decided at first to become an artist rather than an inventor. Fellow student Joseph M. Dulles of Philadelphia wrote the following about Samuel, Finley [Samuel Morse] bore the expression of gentleness entirely... with intelligence, high culture, and general information, and with a strong bent to the fine arts. Soon after graduating from Yale, Samuel Morse made the acquaintance of Washington Allston, an American artist. Allston was then living in Boston but was planning to return to England, he arranged for Morse to accompany him as his pupil. In 1811, Samuel Morse went to England with Allston and returned to America four years later an accredited portrait painter, having studied not only under Allston but under the famous master, Benjamin West. He opened a studio in Boston, taking commissions for portraits Marriage Samuel Morse married Lucretia Walker in 1818. His reputation as a painter increased steadily, and in 1825 he was in Washington painting a portrait of the Marquis La Fayette, for the city of New York, when he heard from his father the bitter news of his wifes death. Leaving the portrait of La Fayette unfinished, the heartbroken artist made his way home. Artist or Inventor? Two years after his wifes death, Samuel Morse was again obsessed with the marvels of electricity, as he had been in college, after attending a series of lectures on that subject given by James Freeman Dana at Columbia College. The two men became friends. Dana visited Morses studio often, where the two men would talk for hours. However, Samuel Morse was still devoted to his art, he had himself and three children to support, and painting was his only source of income. In 1829, he returned to Europe to study art for three years. Then came the turning point in the life of Samuel Morse. In the autumn of 1832, while traveling home by ship, Samuel Morse joined a conversation with a few scientists scientific men who were on board. One of the passengers asked this question: Is the velocity of electricity reduced by the length of its conducting wire? One of the men replied that electricity passes instantly over any known length of wire and referred to Franklins experiments with several miles of wire, in which no appreciable time elapsed between a touch at one end and a spark at the other. This was the seed of knowledge that led the mind of Samuel Morse to invent the telegraph. In November of 1832, Samuel Morse found himself on the horns of a dilemma. To give up his profession as an artist meant that he would have no income; on the other hand, how could he continue wholeheartedly painting pictures while consumed with the idea of the telegraph? He would have to go on painting and develop his telegraph in what time he could spare. His brothers, Richard and Sidney, were both living in New York and they did what they could for him, giving him a room in a building they had erected at Nassau and Beekman Streets. Samuel Morses Poverty How very poor Samuel Morse was at this time is indicated by a story told by General Strother of Virginia who hired Morse to teach him how to paint: I paid the money [tuition], and we dined together. It was a modest meal, but good, and after he [Morse] had finished, he said, This is my first meal for twenty-four hours. Strother, dont be an artist. It means beggary. Your life depends upon people who know nothing of your art and care nothing for you. A house dog lives better, and the very sensitiveness that stimulates an artist to work keeps him alive to suffering. In 1835, Samuel Morse received an appointment to the teaching staff of  New York University  and moved his workshop to a room in the University building in Washington Square. There, he lived through the year 1836, probably the darkest and longest year of his life, giving lessons to pupils in the art of painting while his mind was in the throes of the great invention. The Birth of the Recording Telegraph In that year [1836] Samuel Morse took into his confidence one of his colleagues in the University, Leonard Gale, who assisted Morse in improving the telegraph apparatus. Morse had formulated the rudiments of the telegraphic alphabet, or  Morse Code, as it is known today. He was ready to test his invention. Yes, that room of the University was the birthplace of the Recording Telegraph, said Samuel Morse years later. On September 2, 1837, a successful experiment was made with seventeen hundred feet of copper wire coiled around the room, in the presence of Alfred Vail, a student, whose family owned the Speedwell Iron Works, at Morristown, New Jersey, and who at once took an interest in the invention and persuaded his father, Judge Stephen Vail, to advance money for experiments. Samuel Morse filed a petition for a patent in October and formed a partnership with Leonard Gale, as well as Alfred Vail. Experiments continued at the Vail shops, with all the partners working day and night. The prototype was publicly demonstrated at the University, visitors were requested to write dispatches, and the words were sent around a three-mile coil of wire and read at the other end of the room. Samuel Morse Petitions Washington to Build Telegraph Line In February 1838, Samuel Morse set out for Washington with his apparatus, stopping at Philadelphia on the invitation of the Franklin Institute to give a demonstration. In Washington, he presented to Congress a petition, asking for a money appropriation to enable him to build an experimental telegraph line. Samuel Morse Applies for European Patents Samuel Morse then returned to New York to prepare to go abroad, as it was necessary for his rights that his invention was patented in European countries before publication in the United States. However, the British Attorney-General refused him a patent on the grounds that American newspapers had published his invention, making it public property. He did receive a French  patent. Introduction to the Art of Photography One interesting result of Samuel Morses 1838 trip to Europe was something not related to the telegraph at all. In Paris, Morse met  Daguerre, the celebrated Frenchman who had discovered a process of making pictures by sunlight, and Daguerre had given Samuel Morse the secret. This led to the first pictures taken by sunlight in the United States and to the first photographs of the human face taken anywhere. Daguerre had never attempted to photograph living objects and did not think it could be done, as a  rigidity of position was required for a long exposure. Samuel Morse, however, and his associate, John W. Draper, were very soon taking portraits successfully. Building of the First Telegraph Line In December 1842, Samuel Morse traveled to Washington for another appeal to  Congress. At last, on February 23, 1843, a bill appropriating thirty thousand dollars to lay the wires between Washington and Baltimore passed the House by a majority of six. Trembling with anxiety, Samuel Morse sat in the gallery of  the House  while the vote was taken and that night Samuel Morse wrote, The long agony is over. But the agony was not over. The bill had yet to pass  the Senate. The last day of the expiring session of Congress arrived on March 3, 1843, and the Senate had not yet passed the bill. In the gallery of the Senate, Samuel Morse had sat all the last day and evening of the session. At midnight the session would close. Assured by his friends that there was no possibility of the bill being reached, he left the Capitol and retired to his room at the hotel, broken-hearted. As he ate breakfast the next morning, a young lady with a smile, exclaimed, I have come to congratulate you! For what, my dear friend? asked Morse, of the young lady, who was Miss Annie G. Ellsworth, daughter of his friend the Commissioner of Patents. On the passage of your bill. Morse assured her it was not possible, as he remained in the Senate-Chamber until nearly midnight. She then informed him that her father was present until the close, and, in the last moments of the session, the bill was passed without debate or revision. Professor Samuel Morse was overcome by the intelligence, so joyful and unexpected, and gave at the moment to his young friend, the bearer of these good tidings, the promise that she should send the first message over the first line of the telegraph that was opened. Samuel Morse and his partners then proceeded to the construction of the forty-mile line of wire between Baltimore and Washington. Ezra Cornell, (founder of  Cornell University) had invented a machine to lay pipe underground to contain the wires and he was employed to carry out the work of construction. The work was commenced at Baltimore and was continued until the experiment proved that the underground method would not do, and it was decided to string the wires on poles. Much time had been lost, but once the system of poles was adopted the work progressed rapidly, and by May 1844, the line was completed. On the twenty-fourth of that month, Samuel Morse sat before his instrument in the room of the Supreme Court at Washington. His friend Miss Ellsworth handed him the message which she had chosen: WHAT HATH GOD WROUGHT! Morse flashed it to Vail forty miles away in Baltimore, and Vail instantly flashed back the same momentous words, WHAT HATH GOD WROUGHT! The profits from the invention were divided into sixteen shares (the partnership having been formed in 1838) of which: Samuel Morse held 9, Francis O. J. Smith 4, Alfred Vail 2, Leonard D. Gale 2. First Commercial Telegraph Line In 1844, the first commercial telegraph line was open for business. Two days later, the Democratic National Convention met in Baltimore to nominate a President and Vice-President. The leaders of the Convention wanted to nominate New York Senator Silas Wright, who was away in Washington, as running mate to  James Polk, but they needed to know if Wright would agree to run as Vice-President. A human messenger was sent to Washington, however, a telegraph was also sent to Wright. The telegraph messaged the offer to Wright, who telegraphed back to the Convention his refusal to run. The delegates did not believe the telegraph until the human messenger returned the next day and confirmed the telegraphs message. Improved Telegraph Mechanism and Code Ezra Cornell built more telegraph lines across the United States, connecting city with city, and Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail improved the hardware and perfected the code. Inventor, Samuel Morse lived to see his telegraph span the continent, and link communications between Europe and North America. Replacing the Pony Express By 1859, both the railroad and the telegraph had reached the town of St. Joseph, Missouri. Two thousand miles further east and still unconnected was California. The only transportation to California was by stage-coach, a sixty-day journey. To establish quicker communication with California, the Pony Express mail route was organized. Solo riders on horseback could cover the distance in ten or twelve days. Relay stations for the horses and men were set up at points along the way, and a mailman rode off from St. Joseph every twenty-four hours after the arrival of the train (and mail) from the East. For a time the Pony Express did its work and did it well. President Lincolns first inaugural speech was carried to California by the Pony Express. By 1869, the Pony Express was replaced by the telegraph, which now had lines all the way to San Francisco and seven years later the first  transcontinental railroad  was completed. Four years after that, Cyrus Field and  Peter Cooper  laid the  Atlantic Cable. The Morse telegraph machine could now send messages across the sea, as well as from New York to the Golden Gate.

Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Motivation - Essay Example This can be explained as the desire and will to make extra efforts in accomplishing objectives on behalf of the company at the same time as recognizing the capability of one’s effort in achieving personal needs. The intention of this essay is to give a methodical and in depth enlightenment into the trend of employee motivation and at the same time explain how the effect of motivation can be on the employee’s obligation and work performance in an organisation. This will be made possible with pertinent examples and hypotheses, pertaining motivation of employee. In order to produce a focused type of presentation the paper will be concluded by me through the presentation of executions that are practical of either any or more of the theories discussed on one particular organisation to determine what factors affect the discussed employee motivation hypotheses at that organisation. This will be done to examine how motivation is closely associated to the dedication and performa nce at work in any organisation. ... rent perspectives will be showcased in order to be the blueprint on what effect motivation has on employees in terms of their allegiance, dedication and the level of performance of work in the organisation. Subsequently a sample study on a relevant case concerning employee motivation will be presented and this will support the hypothesis on employee motivation execution in an organisation and how this has influenced the employee motivation and the allegiance in the company. Through this process I expect I would have achieved the main objectives set for this essay. Theoretical Background Motivation The word motivation is derived from the word ‘move’ and it simply means the inward drive that is crucial to guide people’s actions and behaviours towards goals either personal or organizational goals. Mullins, (2005) explains that â€Å"this ‘force’ is a degree to which an individual wants and chooses to engage in certain specified behaviours. On the other hand, the behaviours that are motivated are mostly choices done voluntarily controlled by the individual doing the said action and at the same time this can contain several step procedures that projects an individual towards a specific goal. In the business environment, the supervisor or the manager might act as the motivator, will want to prevail upon the factors that will motivate his or her staff who in this case are the employees for them to perform at their highest levels of productivity. Even though many theories exist that try to explain the motivation phenomenon, still, there are no specific answer that can describe exactly what motivates people to work. Employee Motivation This is the drive that makes the personnel to commit themselves in excelling to accomplish the goals and objectives that is quite

Yardley Of London Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Yardley Of London - Case Study Example In the past decades so many Organisations laid foundation stone and provided different products and services, none of them is remembered unchanged from the time of initiation, so the change in an Organisation is a mandatory for keeping the products or services in the growth stage.The organisation we would be discussing is a very well known in not only Britain but also the entire world. Yardley of London is among the most popular companies in Britain.Yardley was first brought into business in 1620, in the reign of the impecunious Charles I, when a young man of that name paid the monarch a large, and no doubt welcome, sum of money to gain a concession to manufacture soap for the whole of London. Sadly, the particulars of this canny enterprise were lost in the great fire of London in 1666, except for one detail: Mr. Yardley used English lavender to perfume his soap a fragrance for which Yardley is famous to this day. William Cleaver inherited the soap and perfumery business founded by h is father in the city of London in 1770. When he run into debts his father in law, William Yardley, took over the business becoming the first Yardley to own the enterprise. Here the story of a world-renowned company that has brought beauty to so many women and good grooming to so many men began. In 1817 William Yardley was trading still as a sword-cutler in Bloomsbury, but by 1824, when he died, he had transferred to adjacent premises the second business of supplying lavender, cosmetics and soap. This business was left to his younger son, Charles (1795-1882), for the elder son, John, was already established as a builder. He it was who built St. James's Church in Clerkenwell, and whose name is perpetuated in Yardley Street off Rosebery Avenue London. Charles Yardley soon appointed a partner and established his own son Charles (1824-1872), in the business, which was known as Yardley and Statham. It was under this name that the firm exhibited at the Great Exhibition in Hyde Park in 185 1, expending some fifty pounds on showcases, soap moulds and other items and sharing a little of the glory of the incredible 'Crystal Palace'. A sample cake of Old Brown Windsor Soap, carrying an embossed representation of Windsor Castle is still preserved in the Yardley archives and was exhibited again at the 1951 Festival of Britain. The business was blooming and the first overseas selling organisations were open. Advertising increased and with it the demand for Yardley products. By 1910 a London centre at 8 New Bond Street, famous for years afterwards, had been opened for the display and retail sales of a firm which, only ten years before, had been virtually unknown to the general public. 1920 saw Yardley converted into a public limited company, with 1921 bringing the first foray into the lucrative US market. By 1932 the spirit duty on lavender was removed, turnover doubled and the factory needed extending. Further accommodation was found at 32 High Street Stratford. From 1950s o nwards, Yardley further enhanced its worldwide reputation by expanding into five different market sectors: cosmetics, luxury bath products, female fragrances, male fragrances and skin care. These were the years where the beloved classics of White Satin, Lace and English Blazer were launched, and the Yardley lipsticks were advertised as an essential 'woman's ammunition'. Yardley London enters the new millennium as world leaders in naturally fragranced bath luxuries, remaining true to its heritage as the quintessential English perfumery house specialising in lavender and floral fragrances. From sedan chairs to the Concorde; from messengers to communication

The Wallow: Water for the Animals and Opportunity for the Hunter :: Descriptive Writing Examples

The Wallow: Water for the Animals and Opportunity for the Hunter Every September seems to find me in a tree stand above a wallow, hearing elk screaming out their mating calls to each other. In this tree stand, I wait for a big bull to come in and give me a nice shot. This wallow may teach a few lessons in life and also many things about nature. At least that's the things I received from sitting at this wallow. As I sat in the top wallow in water gulch, I learned tons of patience, and even got a feel for the elk's need for this wallow. This wallow is very meaningful to me and will remain this way forever. This is also a place that I find to be very addictive and beautiful. Water Gulch is a big gulch on our hunting property up above Crawford. We lease this 3,500 acre ranch for elk and deer hunting during the months of August through November. The gulch is a big draw that is full of beautiful aspen trees and thick oak brush. It is very thick and hard to spot animals until they reach the bottom of the draw. The bottom of the draw contains three different wallows. The wallows are all surrounded by extremely steep slopes that even I don't want to challenge. On this particular occasion, I chose to sit at the top wallow in a tree stand. This wallow served as a mud bath for the magnificent elk. Broken tree limps and brush covered the wallow, making many obstacles for the elk to reach the water. This large mud bath had proven itself a great place to hunt in the past, so I gave it a try. I was only 12 years old on this day and what a day it turned out to be. The weather was perfect for a great September archery hunt. It was the last day of the season and throughout the year I had seen many large bulls at this same exact location. I had even seen a monster five point that would score around 300 inches. An extraordinary bull in many hunters' books. This beautiful day started with me climbing up an aged aspen tree at approximately 6 o'clock in the morning. It was about 30-40 degrees and the chill made my neck hair stand straight up. After scaling straight up the tree, I settled in and got cozy.

Imagination has the power to encourage

Imagination has the power to encourage When walking In the kitchen you hear the footsteps tap clink clang, tap clink clang from a young man age twenty-three, tall, lean but not too frail. Continuation footsteps entering the saute © station, pans moving side to side, gas burner being constantly turned to high or low, and tongs being flipped around all happening In a quickly motion. Top chef walks In says, â€Å"Get to work, start with Immaculate the saute © station immediately. Yes, chef†, He quickly replied. Wishing, whooshing, flawless swiping, drying off the dishes. He sighs, leaning against the kitchen counter, eyes focusing on the delectable food being made across the kitchen by top chef, wishing he was Just as great as he is. Dimming away but into his perfect fantasy world he suddenly is amazingly talented with culinary art master pieces looking like true art, fantastic smelling the aromatic but savory and tasting the juiciness, rich delectable labors.His top chef imp ress by his work of art, astonishment of passion all into the food. â€Å"I've got an important announcement to make, are you all listening? ‘ Top Chef says Immediately charged. Quickly everyone stop Immediately and looks at chef. â€Å"I'm deciding to give someone a promotion to be top chef, whose earn It. This person amazing, talented, and passionate†, Chef describes. He thinks to himself, â€Å"I'm going to be top chef; I'm going to be top chef†. â€Å"The new top chef Is†¦ Bout to announce by top chef himself. Someone walk up to him and snap, snap he instantly comes out from his perfect fantasy world. â€Å"Get to cleaning† His co-worker says. He continues to cleanse, finishing he goes into an empty station, sneakily and starts to combined flavors, experimenting them. He's encourages to prove himself to top chef by doing this and successfully he could impress his top chef. With enough effort and hard work, even experimenting could all lead to su ccessful/ great things.

Circular Reasoning Definition and Examples

In informal logic, circular reasoning  is an argument that commits the logical fallacy of assuming what it is attempting to prove. Fallacies closely related to circular reasoning include  begging the question  and petitio principii. The fallacy of the petitio principii, says Madsen Pirie, lies in its dependence on the unestablished conclusion. Its conclusion is used, albeit often in a disguised form, in the premises which support it (How to Win Every Argument: The Use and Abuse of Logic, 2015). Examples and Observations The circular argument uses its own conclusion as one of its stated or unstated premises. Instead of offering proof, it simply asserts the conclusion in another form, thereby inviting the listener to accept it as settled when, in fact, it has not been settled. Because the premise is no different from and therefore as questionable as its conclusion, a circular argument violates the criterion of acceptability. (T. Edward Damer, Attacking Faulty Reasoning. Wadsworth, 2001)Circular argument: A sentence or argument that restates rather than proves. Thus, it goes in a circle: President Reagan was a great communicator because he had the knack of talking effectively to the people. The terms in the beginning of the sentence (great communicator) and the end of the sentence (talking effectively) are interchangeable. (Stephen Reid, The Prentice Hall Guide for College Writers, 5th ed., 2000) Mental Illness and Violent Crimes The assumption that people with mental health issues are violent is deeply entrenched (cleaver-wielding lunatic costumes,  anyone?). It often leads to circular reasoning. How often have you heard people claim that committing a violent crime is proof of mental illness? Only a mentally ill person would kill someone, so anyone who kills someone is automatically mentally ill. Leaving aside the  vast majority of homicides  which aren’t committed by people with mental problems, this isn’t evidence based. (Dean Burnett, Stop Blaming Mental Illness for Violent Crimes. The Guardian [UK], June 21, 2016) Circular Reasoning  in Politics Senator Kent Conrad of North Dakota offers a perfectly circular argument: we cant have the public option, because if we do, health care reform wont get the votes of senators like him. In a 60-vote environment, he says . . ., youve got to attract some Republicans as well as holding virtually all the Democrats together, and that, I dont believe, is possible with a pure public option. (Paul Krugman, Health Care Showdown. The New York Times, June 22, 2009)Ralph Nader and Pat Buchanan are banging at the doors, and the political establishment, consisting of both politicians and the media, seems determined not to let them in on the grounds that they have no public support. This is a circular argument; one of the reasons they have so little support is that they are generally ignored by the press and will most likely be barred from the presidential debates, which require a base support of 15 percent of the electorate. (Lars-Erik Nelson, Party Going. The New York Review of Books, August  10, 2000) Going in Circles Circular reasoning can be used fallaciously . . . in arguments which require the use of premises that can be shown to be better established than the conclusion to be proved. The requirement here is one of evidential priority . . ..  Arguing in a circle  becomes a fallacy of petitio  principii or begging the question where an attempt is made to evade the burden of proving one of the premises of  an argument by basing it on the prior acceptance of the conclusion to be proved. . . . So the fallacy of begging the question is a systematic tactic to evade fulfillment of a legitimate burden of proof . . . by the proponent of an argument in dialogue by using a circular structure of argument to block the further progress of dialogue, and, in particular, to undermine the capability of the respondent, to whom the argument was directed, to ask legitimate critical questions in reply. (Douglas N. Walton, Circular Reasoning.  A Companion to Epistemology, 2nd ed., edited  by  Jonathan Dancy et al. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010)